Tense Chart या मध्ये थोडक्यात ओळख इंग्रजी व्याकरणामध्ये क्रियापदांचा वापर अनेकदा कृती किंवा घटना घडल्याची वेळ दर्शविण्यासाठी अशी क्रियापदे काही वेळा त्यांचे स्वरूप बदलून क्रियेची, घटनेची किंवा स्थितीची वेळ सांगण्यासाठी त्यांचे स्वरूप बदलतात, या क्रियापदांना काल म्हणतात. काल तीन वेगवेगळ्या प्रकारचे असतात: वर्तमान, भूतकाळ आणि भविष्यकाळ. प्रत्येक प्रकारात पुढे चार उपभाग असतात, ते म्हणजे, साधे, सतत, परिपूर्ण आणि परिपूर्ण निरंतर. म्हणून या लेखात, आपण नियम आणि उदाहरणांसह तक्त्यांवर तपशीलवार चर्चा करू.
In English grammar verbs are often used to indicate or denote the action or the time when an event occurred. Such verbs sometimes change their form to tell the time of an action, event, or condition by changing their forms, these verbs are called Tenses. Tenses are of three different types: present, past, and future tense. Each type further consists of four subparts, that is, Simple, Continuous, Perfect, and Perfect Continuous. So in this article, we will discuss tense charts with rules and examples in detail.
| Sub- kinds | Present | Past | Future |
| Simple | Do, doesता,ती,ते,तो | Didल,ला,ली | Shall ,will णार ,ईल, |
| continuous | Am ,is, areत आहे. | Was, wereत होता | Shal be, will beत असेल , असू , असणार |
| Perfect | Have, has ल आहे. | Hadला होता | Shall have , will have ल असेल |
| Perfect continuous | Have been ,Has been
त आलेला आहे |
Had been त आलेला होता | Shall have been,Will have been
त आलेला असेल |
Tenses Examples
एकाच वाक्यचा १२ कलातील उपयोग
| simple tense | मराठी आणि इंग्लिस उदाहरणे |
| present t. | मी एक पत्र लिहितोI write a latter |
| Past t. | मी एक पत्र लिहिलेI wrote a latter |
| Future t. | मी एक पत्र लिहीनI shall write a latter |
| Continuous tense | |
| present t. | मी एक पत्र लिहित आहेI am writing a latter |
| Past t. | मी एक पत्र लिहित होतोI was writing a latter |
| Future t. | मी एक पत्र लिहित असेनI shall be writing a latter |
| Perfect tense | |
| present t. | मी एक पत्र लिहिलेले आहेI have written a latter |
| Past t. | मी एक पत्र लिहिलेले होतेI had written a latter |
| Future t. | मी एक पत्र लिहिलेले असेनI shall have written a latter |
| Perfect continuous | |
| present t. | मी एक पत्र लिहित आलेलो आहेI have been writing a latter |
| Past t. | मी एक पत्र लिहित आलेलो होतोI had been writing a latter |
| Future t. | मी एक पत्र लिहित आलेलो असेनI shall have been writing a latter |
What is Tense?
According to Oxford Dictionary, “Tense is any of the forms of a verb that may be used to show the time of the action or situation expressed by the verb”.
ऑक्सफर्ड डिक्शनरीनुसार, “तणाव हे क्रियापदाचे कोणतेही रूप आहे जे क्रियापदाद्वारे व्यक्त केलेल्या क्रियेची वेळ किंवा परिस्थिती दर्शवण्यासाठी वापरले जाऊ शकते”.
According to Cambridge Dictionary defines “tense” is “any of the forms of a verb which show the time at which an action happened.”
केंब्रिज डिक्शनरीनुसार “तणाव” म्हणजे “क्रियापदाचे कोणतेही रूप जे क्रिया कोणत्या वेळी घडले हे दर्शविते.”
Types of Tense
In English Grammar tenses are of three types that is
- Present Tense- वर्तमान काळ
- Past Tense – भूतकाळ
- Future Tense- भविष्यकाळ
Further it consists of four forms
- Simple- साधाकाळ
- Continuous- चालू
- Perfect – पूर्ण
- Perfect Continuous – चालू पूर्ण
in total there are 12 tenses which are as follows – एकूण १२ कालखंड आहेत जे खालीलप्रमाणे आहेत
| Tenses | Tenses form |
| Present tenses | Simple Present TensePresent Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense |
| Past tenses | Simple Past TensePast Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense |
| Future tenses | Simple Past TensePast Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense |
Tense Rules
| Simple tense | |
| Present | S+V1+O(Subject + Verb in the base form/third person plural form + the rest of the sentence) |
| Past | S+V2+O(Subject + Verb + ed / verb in the past tense + the rest of the sentence) |
| Future | S+shall /will +V1+O(Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object) |
| Continuous tense | |
| present | S+ am/is/are + V +ing +O(Subject + Helping Verb(am/is/are) + Main verb + ing + the rest of the sentence) |
| Past | S + was /were + V +ing +O(Subject + Helping Verb(was/were) + Main verb + ing + the rest of the sentence) |
| Future | S +shall be /will be +V + ing + O(Subject + will be/shall be + V1 + ing + Object) |
| Perfect tense | |
| present | S + have /has +V3 +O(Subject + Helping Verb (have/has) + Past participle of the main verb + the rest of the sentence along with the time frame) |
| Past | S + had +V3 +O(Subject + Helping Verb (had) + Past participle of the main verb + the rest of the sentence along with the time frame.) |
| Future | S + shall have /will have +V3 +O(Subject + will have/shall have + V3 + Object) |
| Perfect continuous | |
| present | S + have been /has been + V + ing + O(Subject + Have/Has + Been + Verb+ ing + the rest of the sentence) |
| Past | S + had been +V + ing + O(Subject + Had + Been + Verb + ing + the rest of the sentence) |
| Future | S +shall have been/will have been +V+ing + O(Subject + will have been + V1 + ing + Object) |